October 8-9, 1992
10-08-1992
Pages 111-154
BOARD OF REGENTS
UNIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM OF NEVADA
October 8-9, 1992
The Board of Regents met on the above date in the Lecture Room,
Technical Arts building, Northern Nevada Community College, Elko.
Members present: Mrs. Carolyn M. Sparks, Chairman
Mrs. Shelley Berkley
Dr. Jill Derby
Dr. James Eardley
Mr. Joseph M. Foley
Mrs. Dorothy S. Gallagher
Dr. Lonnie Hammargren
Mr. Daniel J. Klaich
Mrs. June F. Whitley
Others present: Chancellor Mark H Dawson
President Anthony Calabro, WNCC
President Joseph Crowley, UNR
President John Gwaltney, TMCC
President Robert Maxson, UNLV
President Ron Remington, NNCC
President Jim Taranik, DRI
Vice President Herb Peebles, CCSN
Mr. Donald Klasic, General Counsel
Mr. Ron Sparks, Vice Chancellor
Dr. John Richardson, Vice Chancellor
Ms. Mary Lou Moser, Secretary
Also present were Faculty Senate Chairmen Bill Baines (TMCC),
Carolyn Collins (CCSN), Diane Dietrich (Unit), Richard Egami
(DRI), Michon Mackedon (WNCC), Ed Nickel (NNCC), Ellen Pillard
(UNR), Robert Skaggs (UNLV), and Student Association Officers.
Chairman Carolyn Sparks called the meeting to order at 9:45 A.M.
Thursday, October 8, 1992, with all Regents present except Regent
Berkley.
1. Approved Consent Agenda
Approved the Consent Agenda (identified as Ref. A, filed
with the permanent minutes), containing the following:
(1) Approved the minutes of the regular meeting held
August 27-28, 1992.
(2) Approved the gifts, grants and contracts, listed in
Ref. C-1, filed with the permanent minutes.
(3) Approved the following appointments to the College of
Arts and Science Advisory Board at UNR:
David B. Loring, Reno
Jim Nichols, Reno
Col. Alex Woods, Reno
(4) Approved the following appointments to the TMCC
Advisory Board:
Evan Ray, Reno
Trudy Stevenson, Reno
(5) Approved an extension of sick leave for Dr. John
Nixon, Management Department at UNLV, through the
Spring semester, 1993.
(6) Approved an easement for Nevada Power Company. This
easement is necessary to complete the power connection
to the Fertitta Tennis Complex at UNLV.
(7) Approved a transfer of 27.05 acre feet of water to
the City of Reno for the new University of Nevada,
Reno, Residence Hall.
(8) Approved authorization to use $8000 of Capital Im-
provement Fee funds at CCSN for West Charleston
Bursar windows, flooring products and furniture for
Physical Therapy.
(9) Approved authorization to use $125,000 of Capital
Improvement Fee Funds at UNLV for the following proj-
ects:
Renovation of the Wright Hall elevator. $ 25,000
This building has only the one elevator,
and improvements are necessary to insure
compliance with ADA requirements.
Expansion and renovation of the Admis- $100,000
sions Office. Explosive Campus growth
has created very crowded working conditions
in this area. These funds will enable UNLV
to develop a more adequate workplace for
these employees.
(10) Approved authorization to use $3000 of General Im-
provement Account Funds at WNCC to hire additional
staff in the Learning Resource Center to maintain
Saturday business hours through Spring semester for
the benefit of WNCC students.
(11) Approved the following interlocal agreements:
A. UCCSN Board of Regents/UNR and the Nevada Depart-
ment of Human Resources/Mental Hygiene and Mental
Retardation Division (Interlocal Contract)
Effective Date: Date approved by Board to and
including June 30, 1993
Amount : $97,760 additional maximum
(total funds not to exceed
$243,888.80 to UNR)
Purpose : Continuation of a previous agree-
ment to support the Behavior
Analysis Program in the UNR De-
partment of Psychology.
B. UCCSN Board of Regents/UNR and the Nevada State
Department of Education (Interlocal Contract)
Effective Date: October 1, 1992 through June 30,
1993
Amount : $15,00 to UNR
Purpose : UNR to provide assistance and
expertise to Department for pur-
poses of organizing a one day
educational seminar.
C. UCCSN Board of Regents/TMCC and the State Depart-
ment of Human Resources/Mental Hygiene and Mental
Retardation Division (Interlocal Contract)
Effective Date: July 1, 1992 through June 30,
1993
Amount : $23,520 to TMCC
Purpose : TMCC to provide courses of in-
struction and training for
mental retardation technicians
and forensic specialists.
D. UCCSN Board of Regents/UNLV and Nevada Power
Company (Grant of Easement)
Effective Date: After approval by the Board and
the Governor
Amount : $1 to Board
Purpose : Easement for completion of power
connection to the Fertitta Tennis
Complex.
E. UCCSN Board of Regents/CCSN and the State Job
Training Office (Interlocal Contract)
Effective Date: May 1 through September 30, 1992
Amount : $21,000 to CCSN
Purpose : Instructors supplied by CCSN for
Job Search Skills Workshops of-
fered to individuals who became
unemployed because of the Tonopah
Test Range's work force reduc-
tion.
Dr. Eardley moved adoption of the Consent Agenda and approv-
al of the prepared agenda with the authority to change the
order of items as specified throughout the meeting. Mrs.
Gallagher seconded. Motion carried.
2. Chairman's Report
Chairman Sparks announced that the Governor has proclaimed
October 5-9, 1992 as Northern Nevada Community College Week.
NNCC is celebrating its 25th anniversary as a Community
College in Nevada. Chairman Sparks proceeded to read the
following:
STATE OF NEVADA
A Proclamation by the Governor
WHEREAS, a quarter of a century ago, a group of high-
spirited Elko citizens took the lead in establishing
Nevada's first Community College -- Northern Nevada
Community College; and
WHERAS, the people of Elko have given their support in
Northern Nevada Community Colleges for the past 25
years; and
WHEREAS, Northern Nevada Community College has responded
to the community's needs by providing transfer educa-
tion, vocational/technical training, community educa-
tion, developmental programs and more; and
WHEREAS, Northern Nevada Community College looks forward
with energy to its future in providing lifelong educa-
tional opportunities and superior, student-centered
post-secondary education for all the people of northeast
Nevada;
NOW, THEREFORE, I, BOB MILLER, GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF
NEVADA, do hereby proclaim October 5-9, 1992 as
NORTHERN NEVADA COMMUNITY COLLEGE WEEK
and call upon the people of Elko to join in the Col-
lege's 25th anniversary celebration.
3. Chancellors Report
Chancellor Dawson discussed the administrative salary sur-
vey. The Community College Presidents have met with the
Hay Group Consultant, Laurence Karsh, to discuss conducting
an administrative salary survey for the four Community
Colleges.
As a logical extension of the work undertaken to bring
internal equity to Community College faculty compensation
last year, the next step is to develop a system of internal
equity for the Administrators at the Community Colleges.
The basic primciples of the study would be as follows:
To build a fair and equitable compensation structure
to compensate administrative positions through the
four Community Colleges;
Final authority on job evaluation decisions to build
an internally equitable salary structure rests in the
majority vote of the Community College Presidents both
in the initial study and on a continuing basis; and
Each College will appoint three or four senior officers
to serve on the Job Evaluation Benchmark Committee, to
be trained in world-class job measurement process and
set the guide-posts for all future evaluations.
The salary range pricing will be recommended by the
Community College Presidents to the Board of Regents
after sufficient study to determine the appropriate
competitive positioning. The Community College Presi-
dents have agreed with the payment of the study to be
pro-rated according to the number of positions per
institution in which the amount for the study would
be paid over a three-year period.
The study as outlined by Mr. Karsh will involve:
Collection of current job content information.
Evaluation and ranking of benchmark positions - by
a committee of Presidents and senior officers.
Evaluation of balance of the Campus positions using
the benchmarks established and framework completed by
the committee.
Assessment of internal equity of current salary ad-
ministration system.
Quality assurance and comparability checks conducted
by consultants. Report to committee for acceptance
or rejection.
Assessment of external market relationships.
Presentation of findings and recommendations for
implementation based on outcomes of the internal and
external analysis.
Upon questioning by Dr. Derby, Chancellor Dawson explained
that UCCSN has tried in the past to conduct its own study,
but does not have the expertise to train and evaluate job
descriptions in order to put values on them. UCCSN is too
close to the situation, and Chancellor Dawson feels that an
external source would have more expertise and believability
in this field.
4. Approved Resolutions for Bank Loans, UNLV
At the August 1992 meeting, the Board authorized UNLV to
seek financing for the capital improvement projects.
Approved the following resolutions for bank loans. The bids
will be opened just prior to the meeting and recommendations
will be forthcoming from bond counsel. These will be desig-
nated as a Qualified Tax-Exempt Obligation under Section
265(b)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
A. Student Services Building $250,000
(Resolution #92-9)
B. Student Health Center $750,000
(Resolution #92-10)
Vice President Buster Neel reported that each project re-
ceived four responses and recommended Nevada State Bank
be given the loans.
Mr. Klaich questioned the terms of payment on each loan,
and Vice President Neel stated that the Student Services
building would be repaid within 3 years with pledges that
have been received to date, and the Student Health Center
would be refinanced after 2 years with proceeds from the
Health Center Fee to repay within 10-15 years or until the
loan is retired.
Mrs. Whitley moved approval of the resolutions for bank
loans for the Student Services building and the Student
Health Center at UNLV. Mrs. Gallagher seconded.
Vice President Neel explained that all registered students
must pay a $20 Student Health Fee. In addition, they may
choose a health insurance plan. The Health Center has be-
come a basic service the University offers to all students.
Although the fee is controversial at the Community College
level, CCSN students also pay the $20 fee to receive serv-
ices at UNLV's facility.
Motion carried.
Chancellor Dawson regretfully announced that President Paul
Meacham's father is ill, therefore, he will not be in attendance
at the meeting. Vice President Herb Peebles will be acting in
his stead.
5. Approved Tenure on Hire, UNLV
Approved tenure on hire for Mr. Matthew J. Simon. Mr. Simon
has been selected as the Dean of Libraries for UNLV and will
assume his duties January 2, 1993.
Dr. Eardley moved approval of the tenure on hire for Mr.
Matthew J. Simon, Dean of Libraries at UNLV. Dr. Derby
seconded. Motion carried.
6. Approved Tenure on Hire, UNR
Approved tenure on hire for the following at UNR:
A. Dr. E. Joe Middlebrooks, Professor in Civil Engineering,
College of Engineering, and Director of Environmental
Engineering Graduate Interdisciplinary Program under
the Center for Environmental Science, Engineering, and
Policy.
B. Dr. V. Dean Adams, State Extension Specialist in Water
Resources with the rank of Professor. Departmental
affiliation will be Range, Wildlife and Forestry in
the College of Agriculture.
Dr. Eardley moved approval of the tenure on hire for Dr.
E. Joe Middlebrooks, Professor in Civil Engineering and
Director of Environmental Engineering Graduate Interdisci-
plinary Program at UNR, and Dr. V. Dean Adams, State Ex-
tension Specialist in Water Resources, with rank of Profes-
sor at UNR. Dr. Derby seconded. Motion carried.
7. Approved Recommendations for Award to Tenure, UNLV and CCSN
The following recommendations for award to tenure have been
forwarded for Board consideration:
A. University of Nevada, Las Vegas - President Maxson rec-
ommended the following award to tenure, effective July
1, 1992, to the following:
Arthur Meyers, Radiological Sciences, College of Health
Sciences
B. Community College of Southern Nevada - President Meacham
recommended the following award to tenure, effective
July 1, 1992, to the following:
Rosemary Hall, Student Development, College Services
Mr. Klaich moved approval of the recommendations for award
to tenure at UNLV and CCSN. Dr. Eardley seconded. Motion
carried.
The open meeting recessed at 10:08 A.M. to move into committee
meetings and reconvened in closed session at 12:50 P.M. Thursday,
October 8, 1992, with all Regents present except Regent Foley.
8. Closed Session
Upon motion by Mrs. Gallagher, seconded by Mr. Klaich, the
Board moved to a closed session for the purpose of dis-
cussing the characters, alleged misconduct, professional
competence, or physical or mental health of an employee(s)
of the UCCSN or public official(s) in accordance with
NRS 241.030.
The open meeting reconvened at 2:45 P.M. Thursday, October 8,
1992, with all Regents present.
9. Report and Recommendations of the Status of Women Committee
A report and recommendations of the Status of Women Commit-
tee meeting, held October 8, 1992, were made by Regent Jill
Derby, Chairman.
(1) Chairman Derby distributed a new calendar for Committee
activities, filed in the Regents' Office. She stated
she was very encouraged by the very effective activity
on the Campuses. President Crowley stated he had met
with the co-Chairs of the UNR Committee who related
they cannot finish their activities until May. Chair-
man Derby agreed that would be acceptable.
(2) The Committee submitted changes to the proposed change
for Chapter 6 of the UCCSN Code. Dr. Kirkland offered
two changes to the proposed language concerning the
independent advisor. The first change was to have the
independent advisor present at any and all hearings,
but not to give legal advice. The second change would
add the words "at least" so that the number of trained
faculty in the pool from which the independent advisor
is chosen would be a minimum of six people.
President Taranik asked when the independent advisor
was to be available, whether when the complainant filed
or when the President was informed of the complaint?
General Counsel Klasic replied that it would be when
the complaint was filed with the Affirmative Action
Officer. Chairman Derby stated she understood the
independent advisor was not to be used to file the
complaint. UNR Senate Faculty Chairman Ellen Pillard
stated she felt that person should be available before
the complaint was filed because the complainant needs
the information when he/she goes to the Affirmative
Action Officer.
Dr. Derby moved approved of the report and recommendations
of the Status of Women Committee. Mr. Klaich seconded.
Motion carried.
10. Report and Recommendations of the Legislative Liaison
Committee
A report and recommendations of the Legislative Liaison
Committee meeting, held October 8, 1992, were made by
Regent Shelley Berkley, Chairman.
(1) Discussion of Plans and Activities - Dr. Bob Dickens
reported that the software development program was
well underway and that most features are working now.
Training for Campuses will be held in early November.
He related that most of the cost to date has been for
a programmer and the remainder will be used for travel
for the training sessions.
Dr. Eardley asked what changes were taking place in
the planning for this session of the Legislature,
since the Campuses have always had committees working
with Legislators and community groups. Dr. Dickens
replied that the software program matches individuals
with individual Legislators and will help broaden the
political base. Chairman Berkley stated she felt this
would give the System a faster response time when lob-
bying efforts are needed during the session. She
added that this is only one tool to be used, that it
will not take the place of personal contacts with
Legislators. Further, this software system could be
used other than during the legislative session.
Chairman Berkley stated a meeting of the Committee
would be called within a week or two and invited
Presidents, Faculty Senate Chairmen and students to
attend. Further activities will be discussed at
that time.
Chairman Berkley stressed that the System would present
its budget and that no "end runs" will be tolerated
during the session.
Mrs. Berkley moved approval of the report and recommenda-
tions of the Legislative Liaison Committee. Dr. Derby
seconded. Motion carried.
11. Approved Naming of Buildings, NNCC
Approved the naming of the following buildings at NNCC:
A. Greenhaw Technical Arts Building - President Remington
introduced Dr. Charles Greenhaw who has provided NNCC
with 20 years of experience and greatly impacted the
institution with initiating the plans for this build-
ing.
Dr. Derby moved approval of the naming of the Greenhaw
Technical Arts building at NNCC. Mrs. Berkley seconded.
Motion carried.
B. Belinger Auto and Diesel Labs - President Remington
introduced Mr. Bill Belinger who initiated the occupa-
tional programs at NNCC.
Mrs. Gallagher moved approval of the naming of the
Belinger Auto and Diesel Labs at NNCC. Mrs. Berkley
seconded. Motion carried.
C. Goeringer Vocational Skills Center, Ely - President
Remington introduced Mr. and Mrs. Norman Goeringer
who have donated $500,000 to the center in Ely.
Mrs. Gallagher moved approval of the naming of the
Goeringer Vocational Skills Center in Ely for NNCC.
Dr. Derby seconded. Motion carried.
12. Information Only: NNCC Faculty Report to Regents
President Remington introduced several NNCC Faculty who
made reports to the Board of Regents on various activities
at the NNCC Campus.
Patricia Warren, Organization between Faculty and
Administration
Stanley Popeck, Special Programs; i. e., Child Care
Center, Computer Science, Student Skills Lab, Re-Entry
Programs and Mechanical Training
Gloria Everett, Medical Laboratory Technology Program
Marilee Harper, Child Care Center
Richard Mc Nalley, Humanities Series
Sarah Sweetwater, Art Department
Ed Nickel, Learning Resource Center
Mr. Ed Nickel, NNCC Faculty Senate Chairman, orchestrated a
group of faculty members who performed in a musical parody
on their need for increased funding for their institution.
The open meeting recessed at 4:15 P.M. to move into the dedica-
tion of the Greenhaw Technical Arts building and committee meet-
ings and reconvened at 9:40 A.M. Friday, October 9, 1992, with
all Regents present except Regent Berkley.
13. Report and Recommendations of the Research Affairs
Committee
A report and recommendations of the Research Affairs Commit-
tee meeting, held October 8, 1992, were made by Regent
Lonnie Hammargren, Chairman.
(1) Approved a Regents' Creative Activities Award. Dr.
David Mc Nelis, Chairman of the Research Council,
stated the Faculty Senates at UNR and UNLV have re-
viewed and approved the guidelines, as contained in
Ref. RA-1, filed in the Regents' Office.
Dr. Mc Nellis presented two medallion designs for
consideration by the Committee.
In addition, approved that the Committee Chairman and
Dr. Mc Nelis be assigned to design the medal.
Dr. Mc Nelis announced that there would be a National EPSCoR
meeting in Las Vegas from October 14-16, 1992. NISET would
be meeting on Thursday of that week. He invited Regents and
others to participate.
(2) Approved of a line of credit up to $1 million for UNR,
with the understanding that the terms and conditions
would be brought to the Board for final approval.
Chancellor Dawson had received a request from Dr. David
Mc Nelis, Chairman of the Research Council, to estab-
lish a line of credit for research stimulation and to
meet matching equipment requirements. UNR presented a
specific proposal at the meeting for a line of credit
not to exceed $1 million.
Vice President for Research, Dr. Ken Hunter, UNR, ex-
plained that the Federal government is off-loading
many programs to the States. Many grants require in-
stitutions to provide matching funds. In the past,
the Federal government picked up many of these match-
ing costs, but that is no longer the case. Dr. Hunter
reported that UNR has had a 30% increase in grants and
contracts this year, but that cash flow is a problem.
He explained that it is difficult to have cash ready
when these grants come up and that his office has
had to "scrounge" from non-priority programs to pro-
vide these matching funds.
Dr. Hunter stated that UNR's request for a $1 million
line of credit had been derived from past history
needs. He suggested that UNLV and DRI will eventually
have this same need for credit. He explained that if
a line of credit could be obtained for 6% annual in-
terest for 7 1/2 years, the debt service per year would
be $169,000. He further explained that indirect cost
recovery funds controlled by his office would be used
to pay the debt service.
In 1991, UNR received approximately $650,000 in in-
direct cost recovery funds. These are used for re-
search stimulation purposes such as junior faculty
research awards, support faculty attendance at nation-
al and international meetings, and to purchase research
equipment. Last year, UNR spent $90,000 of indirect
cost funds for research equipment. Based on an aver-
age annual increase of 10% in sponsored projects, it
is projected there will be $75,000 which could be add-
ed to the $90,000 budget for equipment to take care of
the debt service.
With a line of credit, UNR would project sources of
sponsored project revenue, then prudently borrow only
that amount which can be repaid.
Dr. Hunter and Vice President for Finance Ashok Dhingra
at UNR asked permission to contact financial institu-
tions to obtain this line of credit. This would be
used only for research stimulation -- capital equip-
ment and other matching opportunities which would
leverage Federal and private dollars.
In answer to a question from Mr. Klaich, Dr. Hunter
stated that these funds would not provide for salaries.
He assured the Board that they would not use operating
dollars to repay these loans.
President Crowley stated this proposal has his full
support. He stated there is a measure of risk, but
that he would make prudent judgments in using this
line of credit. Dr. Hunter stated UNR would report
to the Research Affairs Committee as the funds were
used.
Mr. Foley congratulated Drs. Hunter and Mc Nelis for
their innovative approach to the problem.
In answer to a question from Dr. Derby, Dr. Hunter
explained that UNR now expends some $90,000 for re-
search equipment and he felt this would stimulate re-
search growth. He projected that within 3 years, UNR
could have a $100 million research program.
Mrs. Gallagher explained that this would be a revolv-
ing line of credit established for UNR as an institu-
tion. She stated that she felt the President and Vice
Presidents were very responsible individuals, and spoke
in favor of the motion. She suggested that the Commit-
tee could ask for a review in 6 months to a year.
In answer to a question from Dr. Eardley, President
Crowley explained that the indirect recovery funds
received are now divided 50% into the State and 50%
to UNR. Half of UNR's indirect cost funds are used
by Dr. Hunter for research stimulation. Dr. Hunter
stated that $75,000 of the projected increase in in-
direct costs can be set aside for debt service on the
line of credit. Dr. Hunter also stated that since
many grants are for longer duration (3-5 years), he
can make more accurate projections on future revenues
from sponsored projects.
Dr. Hammargren moved approval of the report and recommenda-
tions of the Research Affairs Committee meeting. Mrs.
Gallagher seconded. Mr. Klaich opposed. Motion carried.
The open meeting recessed at 9:45 A.M. to move into Foundation
meetings and reconvened at 10:20 A.M. Friday, October 9, 1992,
with all Regents present.
14. Accepted the Report on UNLV Foundation
The firm of Ernst and Young was engaged to evaluate certain
real estate transactions completed by the UNLV Foundation.
A report on the findings was given by Mr. Larry Tombari of
Ernst and Young, and his report is filed with the permanent
minutes.
Mr. Tombari reported the following:
900 Las Vegas Boulevard South - The evidence indicates
that the subject property was competently transacted.
Ernst and Young could not identify conflict of interest
involving Vice President Lyle Rivera.
House at 501 Parkway East - The evidence suggests that
the property was competently transacted. Ernst and
Young could not identify conflict of interest involving
Ms. Elaine Wynn.
Gambarana Warehouse at 418 West Mesquite - Given the
difficulty in estimating value for the subject, evidence
indicates that the property was competently transacted.
321 and 323 Fremont Lease - The UNLV Foundation did not
identify their responsibilities under the lease assign-
ment.
Ernst and Young findings support the premise that, at
the time during the contributions and subsequent sales,
The UNLV Foundation, in its early stages of devel-
opment, accepted all types of property, often with-
out regard for management of the asset;
The UNLV Foundation had less sophisticated property
management than at present;
The UNLV Foundation had a policy of quick sale of
the contributed property.
Mr. Klaich moved to accept the report prepared by Ernst and
Young regarding the UNLV Foundation. Mrs. Whitley seconded.
Dr. Hammargren stated that it was difficult for him to ac-
cept the report which is not a qualitative evaluation of
the Foundation, meaning it does not include dollar amounts.
Mr. Tombari indicated that Ernst and Young were contracted
as real estate consultants to evaluate certain real estate
transactions completed by the UNLV Foundation. Chancellor
Dawson agreed, and reiterated that Ernst and Young were
contracted to evaluate the legalities of the transactions
and whether the transactions constituted a "conflict of
interest" with certain parties. At the request of Dr.
Hammargren, Mr. Tombari stated that he would provide the
Board of Regents documentation on the financial resources
in regard to the above mentioned properties. Mrs. Gallagher
requested that this report be furnished to the UNLV Founda-
tion.
Motion carried.
15. Reconfirmed Report on Sports/Medicine Facilty, UNR
President Crowley and Athletic Director Chris Ault reported
on the Sports/Medicine Facility contract for UNR, as con-
tained in Ref. D, filed in the Regents' Office.
Chancellor Dawson indicated that it was his feeling that
the conflicts have been resolved regarding this issue. As
contained in Ref. D, Dr. Gerald Dales, team physician, is
in support of this facility.
President Crowley stated that, he too, felt the issue had
been resolved. Athletic Director Chris Ault has written
a memorandum to the Athletic Department staff and student
athletes indicating that the student athlete does have the
freedom of choice of physician.
Athletic Director Ault stated that this project is the
single most important endeavor for the student athlete in
the past two decades. He clarified that the student ath-
lete has always had the choice of physician. However, Dr.
Dales usually examines the injured student first to deter-
mine the athletic injury.
Athletic Director Ault indicated that the proposed facil-
ity will house state-of-the-art equipment for the weight
room for both male and female athletes, rehabilitation
exercises, locker room facilities for visiting and home
teams, lecture room, and conference/film rooms. This
facility will take UNR to the next level of competition
and state-of-the-art services for its athletes.
Dr. Derby stated that she objected to the way the item was
brought before the Board of Regents for consideration. She
felt that the item should have been an "information" item
in order for the Board of Regents to discuss the proposal
and ask pertinent questions prior to taking action.
Dr. Derby indicated that she had reviewed the American
Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons paper, which indicated
potential abuse of physician-owned facilities. She recom-
mended close monitoring of these facilities and requested
to hear from Reno Orthopedic Center regarding its ethical
issues on this project. Athletic Director Ault stated
that UNR's athletic trainers oversee the student athletes
and carefully monitor the program. He indicated that a
disclosure statement will be placed in the student athlete
handbooks.
Dr. Derby emphasized that a follow-up report is very im-
portant and requested that it be done.
Mr. Klaich stated that the self-referral issue is a major
"red herring" and did not think it was the Board of Regents'
prerogative to dictate medical ethics. Mrs. Gallagher
agreed and felt it should be left up to the medical commu-
nity.
Dr. Eardley agreed that the process may have moved a little
too fast, but in light of the restlessness surrounding this
issue he had called a meeting with those concerned and felt
that the issues were resolved. He stated that he was con-
fident in the staff's recommendation to proceed with this
proposal.
Mrs. Berkley suggested that on issues of this magnitude
they should come before the Board as an "information item"
before taking action by the Board of Regents. In regard
to Dr. Derby's remarks on ethics, Mrs. Berkley stated that
the Board should not minimize the ethical consideration.
Athletic Director Ault apologized for the expedience for
action on this issue.
Mr. Klaich stated that he had respect for Dr. Derby's
analysis of the situation; i. e., the Board should not
make uninformed decisions the first time an item appears
on the agenda. However, in the past, other gifts and
building projects have come before the Board without any
questions and approved by the Board of Regents. In addi-
tion, he felt that he did not make an uninformed decision
at the August 27-28, 1992 Board meeting on this issue. He
felt that the item was presented in the standard fashion,
felt that if the Board wished to instigate a policy that
the Presidents and staff bring every issue before the Board
twice, once as an information item and then as an action
item, then the Board should require this at this time.
Dr. Derby stated that it was unnecessary to have modest
items appear before the Board twice, but felt that any
item that is major or controversial should require two
hearings at the Board of Regents' meetings. Mr. Klaich
agreed.
Dr. Hammargren stated that he had voted against this item
at the August 27-28, 1992 meeting, but after the presenta-
tion made by Athletic Director Ault, he felt that the pro-
posal is a "win/win" proposition and will now vote in
support.
Mrs. Berkley left the meeting.
President Crowley stated that he does not always realize
that an item is going to become major or controversial.
It is regrettable that this tiem has become controversial
within the public's eye; however, neither he nor his staff
has ever received any public comment that there is a prob-
lem with going forward with this proposal. In response to
Dr. Hammargren's remarks, President Crowley stated that
more public/private propositions of this short will be
coming before the Board for consideration. It is the wave
of the future across the country.
Mr. Foley reconfirmed the UNR Sports/Medicine Facility
contract. Dr. Hammargren seconded. Dr. Derby opposed.
Dr. Derby stated that the patient/physician partnership is
very important and that the Board of Regents must be sure
moral and ethical concerns provide a benefit to the student
athletes.
Motion carried.
16. Report and Recommendations of the Ad Hoc Committee on
Ethnic Minority Affairs
A report and recommendations of the ad hoc Committee on
Ethnic Minority Affairs meeting, held October 8, 1992,
were made by Regent June Whitley, Chairman.
(1) Approved a draft list of guidelines for the Blue Ribbon
Task Force. Mrs. Karen Steinberg, Director of Insti-
tutional Research, stated the Chairs of the Campus
Committees had met and elected Dr. Mike Coray, UNR,
Assistant Vice President for Diversity, their Chair-
man. They are developing a survey document for use
on the Campuses and hope to have the results completed
by the Spring. They will also hold public hearings to
receive input on the issues. Once this is completed,
a report will be made to the Regents' Committee.
A lengthy discussion on the guidelines of the Blue
Ribbon Task Force ensued. Chairman Whitley stated
she planned to have input from the Task Force on
their perceptions of education in the State of Nevada.
In answer to questions from Chairman Whitley, Presi-
dent Crowley stated that each Campus can conduct its
own survey and obtain very useful information which
will assist in producing goals and recommendations
for the future.
President Taranik related that DRI has solicited input
from their employees on the issues, the results have
been reviewed by a committee, and among the recommenda-
tions are faculty and staff training on employment re-
quirements, admission of foreign students, and recruit-
ment practices.
The following guidelines for the Task Force were pre-
sented:
The Task Force would serve as a focus group to
identify the perceptions of the various minority
communities in the State on UCCSN diversity ef-
forts and on critical issues regarding diversity
on the UCCSN Campuses.
The Task Force would be asked to review current
Campus and System efforts in diversity, and to
provide suggestions to enhance these efforts, if
appropriate.
The Task Force would help the Campuses and the
System in developing objectives regarding employ-
ment opportunities, and would assist in the de-
velopment of a position paper to address extending
employment opportunities to those who are current-
ly under-represented to the UCCSN work force.
The Task Force would be available to work with the
Campus committees as they develop recommendations
for the ad hoc Committee.
The Chairman asked Mrs. Steinberg to distribute the
guidelines to the Committee members for a final re-
view, with responses to be returned within a week.
After that, letters will be sent inviting membership
on the Task Force.
Mr. Foley requested information on how the System and
the Campuses are complying with existing Federal and
State requirements. Chairman Whitley directed Mrs.
Steinberg and General Counsel Klasic to compile this
information for the Committee.
Mrs. Steinberg related that compliance reports are in
process and will be reported during the affirmative
action reports in January. Dr. Derby stated that the
requirements may not be enough, that the "climate"
issues affect lives.
Mrs. Whitley moved approval of the report of the ad hoc
Committee on Ethnic Minority Affairs. Mrs. Gallagher
seconded. Motion carried.
Chancellor Dawson stated that Mrs. Berkley has requested that the
Legislative Liaison Committee schedule a working luncheon meeting
in Las Vegas on October 20, 1992.
Mrs. Berkley returned to the meeting.
Mrs. Berkley stated that, as Chairman of the Committee,, she
would like to invite Presidents, Faculty Senate Chairmen, student
representatives and Chancellor's staff to discuss the strategy
for the Legislative Liaison Committee.
Chairman Sparks relinquished the gavel to Vice Chairman Eardley.
Regents Derby, Foley and Hammargren left the meeting.
17. Report and Recommendations of the Audit Committee
A report and recommendations of the Audit Committee meeting,
held September 23, 1992, were made by Regent Dorothy Galla-
gher, Chairman.
(1) Internal Audit Director Sandi Cardinal presented the
audit of the UNLV Thomas and Mack Center, July 1,
1990 through February 28, 1991. The audit report is
filed in the Regents' Office.
UNLV Vice President Buster Neel informed the Committee
that Athletic Director Jim Weaver has been with UNLV
since January and Executive Director and Associate
Athletic Director Pat Christenson has held this posi-
tion since Spring, 1992. Therefore, they have in-
herited many of the problems the internal audit report
addressed.
Mr. Christenson stated that he has examined the audit
recommendations and feels that he has a clear under-
standing of what is needed to correct the audit con-
cerns. He has already addressed some of the issues
and is committed to rectifying all audit recommenda-
tions.
Upon questioning, Mr. Christenson informed the Commit-
tee in what capacity he has addressed some of the key
issues of the audit report.
Dr. Eardley stated that some people feel that the two
events centers, Lawlor Events Center and Thomas and
Mack Center, are not accountable to their respective
Universities. This is not the case. Although their
operations are somewhat different, both centers should
be held accountable to the Universities. Athletic
Director Jim Weaver agreed that both athletics and
the Thomas and Mack Center are an integral part of
the University and should be totally accountable to
the University.
Mrs. Whitley commented on Vice President Neel's open-
ing remarks and understands that there has been a
changeover in administration at Thomas and Mack Center;
however, she felt that the events center should have
been administered by top administrators at UNLV, such
as Vice President Neel or President Maxson.
Chairman Gallagher requested that a follow-up response
to the Thomas and Mack Center audit be addressed at
the Audit Committee meeting in December.
Chairman Gallagher emphasized the importance in having
the Audit Committee members kept apprised of the
Thomas and Mack Center operations in order to correct
the public's perception of the center and athletics
at UNLV.
(2) Information Only: Internal Audit Director Sandi
Cardinal presented the follow-up report of the UNLV
Physical Plant, July 1, 1990 through June 30, 1991.
The follow-up report is filed in the Regents' Office.
(3) Information Only: Internal Audit Director Sandi
Cardinal presented the follow-up report of the UNLV
Summer Term Office, Summer 1990 and Summer 1991. The
follow-up report is filed in the Regents' Office.
Chairman Gallagher noted that there is not a policy
which addresses the use of excess revenues from
self-supporting programs and asked if the Committee
should further review this. President Maxson stated
that there is a need for flexibility and suggested
that such a policy be considered as an institutional
policy, not a systemwide policy. He offered to sub-
mit periodic reports to the Committee regarding the
surplus for the Thomas and Mack Center.
Dr. Eardley questioned how fees for Summer term
courses and community service courses are set, and
Vice Chancellor Sparks responded that by Board of
Regents' policy the fees are set in accordance with
the regular fee schedule and are automatically adjust-
ed upon approval of the regular fee schedule. He felt
that this policy should be reviewed.
Chairman Gallagher requested Vice Chancellor Sparks
to develop a draft policy that would address the
setting of Summer term course fees and community
service course fees.
(4) Information Only: Internal Audit Director Sandi
Cardinal presented the follow-up report of the UNLV
Graduate College, July 1, 1990 through June 30, 1991.
The follow-up report is filed in the Regents' Office.
(5) Information Only: Internal Audit Director Sandi
Cardinal presented the follow-up report of the CCSN
Limited Entry Programs, Fall Semester 1991. The
follow-up report is filed in the Regents' Office.
(6) Information Only: Internal Audit Director Sandi
Cardinal presented the follow-up report of the NNCC
Laboratory Fees Charged, Fiscal Years 1989-90 and
1990-91. The follow-up report is filed in the Regents'
Office.
Mr. Klaich moved approval of the report and recommendations
of the Audit Committee. Mrs. Whitley seconded. Motion
carried.
Regents Foley and Hammargren returned to the meeting.
18. Information Only: Report on National Consortium of
Academics and Sports
President Crowley introduced Mr. Keith Lee who reported
on the National Consortium of Academics and Sports (NCAS).
Mr. Lee is Director of the Western Regional Office which
is housed on the UNR Campus. Mr. Lee is also Director of
UNR's Center for Youth, Athletes and Community.
Mr. Lee gave a brief summary of his personal background.
He was a professional football player and played for the
Buffalo Bills, New England Patriots and Indianapolis Colts.
In 1984 a study was conducted which indicated that only
30% of the players in the National Football League had
College degrees; 24% of the players in the National Basket-
ball Association had College degrees; 20% of the players
in the baseball organizations had College degrees; and 8%
of the players in the National Hockey League had College
degrees. The study also indicated that 25-30% of black
high school athletes were functionally illiterate. The
NCAS was created to provide a program dedicated to assist
athletes in obtaining higher education degrees. The NCAS
Northeastern University implemented the program in 1985
with 11 other institutions. By 1987 there were 45 insti-
tutions that had networked with NCAS and in 1992 there were
93 institutions.
Mr. Lee stated that the criteria for an athlete to take part
in the program is that the athlete must have been admitted
to the institution within the past ten years and in exchange
must perform community outreach services for the institu-
tion.
Regent Derby returned to the meeting.
The NCAS program has reached over 1.30 million youth. The
program focuses on past, present and future of the athlete.
At present there are 4 regional offices. UNR has been a
member of NCAS since 1988 and was recently selected to
serve as the Western Regional Office.
Mr. Lee commented to the Board that the issues with Mr.
Jesse Sattwhite brought before the Board of Regents at
its August 27-28, 1992 meeting are encompassed by this
program.
The NCAS program enlists athletes as role models for to-
day's youth and sends a message to parents that higher edu-
cation is concerned. By housing the regional office at
UNR, Nevada becomes pro-active in what intercollegiate
athletics is all about. The athletes have the potential
power to make a difference in the lives of the youth.
Mrs. Gallagher welcomed Mr. Lee to Nevada and wished him
success with his program. Mr. Klaich stated that he felt
this was an incredible program and wished Mr. Lee well.
Upon questioning, Mr. Lee indicated that member institu-
tions pay $750 per year for membership, and the NCAS program
receives corporate funds and gifts from private donors.
Chairman Sparks returned to the meeting during the above dis-
cussion and resumed the gavel.
Regents Eardley, Foley, Hammargren and Whitley left the meeting.
19. Report and Recommendations of the Academic Affairs
Committee
A report and recommendations of the Academic Affairs Com-
mittee meeting, held October 8, 1992, were made by Regent
Jill Derby, Chairman.
(1) Approved a Handbook change, Title 4, Chapter 14,
Section 2, Time Frames for Preparation of Academic
Master Planning Documents, as contained in Ref. AA-1,
filed in the Regents' Office.
A discussion was held by the Academic Affairs Commit-
tee in August concerning revision of the Board of
Regents' policy related to time frames for Campus
master planning documents. The revision is recom-
mended to align Board policy with the legislative
requirement for academic planning, and will shorten
the time frames for all institutions.
(2) Information Only: Annual Report on Review of Exist-
ing Academic Programs -- The review of existing aca-
demic programs is conducted by each institution on a
regular cycle in order to assure academic quality and
to determine if need, student demand, and available
resources support their continuation. In addition to
this periodic review, Board of Regents' policy requires
that all new programs are to be reviewed after a five
year period.
A format for an annual report to the Chancellor's
Office and Board of Regents on existing academic
programs was approved by the Board in April, 1992.
The format includes two parts: 1) a list of all
existing programs which were reviewed by the insti-
tution over the past year, new programs approved
during this time period and programs which were
deleted or put on inactive status; 2) a summary of
the major findings and future plans for each program
which was reviewed.
The first annual report to the Board of Regents is
contained in Ref. AA-2, filed in the Regents' Office.
Vice Chancellor Richardson emphasized that the results
of these reviews include plans to strengthen programs
through changes in administrative structure, expand
funding sources, enhance facilities, add faculty, and/
or modify curriculum. He stated that over 50 programs
or centers were evaluated. TMCC and CCSN plan to re-
evaluate the review processes they are currently using
and adopt new formats and procedures to be applied to
the next review cycle. The results of the review proc-
esses are an important component of the academic plan-
ning process, and should be used to assure the best
possible programs are being provided with the UCCSN.
Chairman Derby requested a response from each of the
institutions regarding the process, and each institu-
tion responded positively. Chairman Derby stated that
she was pleased with the process and the report.
(3) Information Only: Report on Graduate Programs - At an
earlier Board of Regents' meeting, a request was made
for information related to graduate programs at UNLV
and UNR. A list is included of all graduate programs
offered by the two Universities, the enrollment and
costs associated with each program, as contained in
Ref. AA-3, filed in the Regents' Office.
Vice Chancellor Richardson reminded the members of the
Committee when reviewing the costs associated with each
program that UCCSN does not have a sophisticated cost-
ing formula to make cost allocations to programs. He
stated that this report is only a portion of the entire
educational picture at UNR and UNLV, and it would be a
mistake to single out programs without reviewing the
entire educational package.
Chairman Derby questioned if there was a correlation
between fewer students and the need for new programs,
and Vice Chancellor Richardson responded that students
are indeed a criteria, but one should also consider the
economic impact of these programs on the State in order
for the institutions to have a leading edge. A pro-
gram may not be recognized by the student when it first
comes on line, but may provide training for the future
economic development of the State.
UNR Vice President Robert Hoover added that multi-
disciplinary programs are being initiated which may
replace some of the smaller programs that Chairman
Derby is questioning.
UNLV Vice President John Unrue agreed with Vice Chan-
cellor Richardson and commended him for compiling
this report for the Committee. He stated that this
process is very important to the academic planning
process. He mentioned that although there is a
moratorium placed on some programs, UNLV will be re-
viewing these programs again and may reactivate the
programs in the future.
Dr. Ken Hunter, Dean of UNR Graduate School, stated
that approximately 10% of the master program could
be phased out, which is not unusual in light of the
changing times UCCSN is experiencing. However, new
programs are coming on line including multi-disci-
plinary graduate programs that are market driven and
will meet the needs of the future.
Mr. Klaich questioned what the FTE was for undergradu-
ate programs during the last year, and it was stated
that the approximate FTE for UNR was 8,000 and UNLV
was 12,000. Mr. Klaich reminded the Committee that
during the 1991 Regents' Workshop, a goal was set to
place more emphasis on undergraduate education. Pres-
ident Crowley stated that UNR is taking that goal very
seriously and it will be reflected in the academic
planning process report. He mentioned that UNR refers
to the Carnegie Report, prepared by Dr. Ernest Boyer,
which addressed rewarding teaching of undergraduate
programs and explains the definition of research
programs.
In addition, Vice President Hoover stated that four
years ago UNR implemented a core curriculum and has
attempted to assess the students who have gone through
that program. Some of the findings of the first as-
sessment were: 1) that it is a far more challenging
and interesting curriculum; 2) that it is very co-
herent; and 3) that it will need continual updating.
A UNR task force has submitted the following recom-
mendations: 1) an assessment of teaching skills and
a reward mechanism for teaching; 2) an assessment of
the syllabus; 3) advisement of students; and 4) an
assessment of student success. He suggested that the
Committee meet with faculty and students to discuss
UNR's undergraduate programming.
Chairman Derby raised a concern regarding the Strategic
Directions the Board of Regents have approved, and felt
that they should be reviewed each year to see if they
are being implemented at the institutional level. Vice
Chancellor Richardson stated that the Academic Master
Planning report will address the Strategic Directions,
but that he will also schedule a presentation each year
specifically addressing the matter.
UNR Faculty Senate Chairman Ellen Pillard suggested an
"Outstanding Teacher Award" be given by the Board of
Regents. She felt that this would give the Board of
Regents an opportunity to review undergraduate pro-
grams. She also suggested that a reward system be
established, to include revolving contracts.
Mr. Klaich stated that he was excited about what he
was hearing. He would never have thought to put
"revolving contracts" and "reward systems" together,
but can now relate the two. He also stated that by
having graduate programs, it improves the undergradu-
ate programs at the institutions.
Vice President Unrue stated that it is wrong to equate
"teaching" vs. "research"; they are inseparable. UNLV
has a strong tie with both undergraduate teaching and
graduate research.
Chairman Derby requested Vice Chancellor Richardson
to review the report on graduate programs with Mrs.
Berkley, who initiated this report and was unavailable
to attend the Committee meeting.
(4) Approved the UCCSN Academic Planning Schedule. A dis-
cussion related to the academic planning process and
the principle components of planning was held by the
Academic Affairs Committee at its August meeting. At
that time a preliminary planning schedule was presented
for information.
Vice Chairman Richardson proposed a formal calendar
designed to guide the Chancellor's Office and UCCSN
institutions in their planning activities, and dis-
tributed a revised calendar at the meeting, Ref.
AA-4, filed in the Regents' Office.
Vice Chancellor Richardson clarified that the "X" only
indicates the deadline to accomplish the task, the
tasks can be completed any time prior to the deadline.
(5) Information Only: Summary of Recommendations from
Academic Retreat - An academic planning retreat was
held in July to focus on UCCSN academic issues, with
special emphasis on the development of new programs
at the Campuses and program review activities. As
a follow up to the retreat, a subcommittee was es-
tablished to review and refine the recommendations
made at the retreat. A summary of those recommenda-
tions is contained in Ref. AA-5, filed in the Regents'
Office.
A brief discussion on the recommendations was held
regarding the use of facilities by the year round
institutional programs and State funding of the Summer
Session programs.
Mr. Klaich moved approval of the report and recommendations
of the Academic Affairs Committee. Mrs. Gallagher seconded.
Motion carried.
The open meeting recessed at 12:15 P.M. for lunch and reconvened
at 1:10 P.M. Friday, October 9, 1992, with all Regents present,
except Regents Berkley, Derby and Gallagher.
20. Approved Board of Regents' Calendar, 1994
Approved the following proposed Board of Regents' calendar
for 1994:
Board Meeting Dates Location
January 6-7, 1994 Reno
February 17-18, 1994 Las Vegas
March 31- April 1, 1994 N. Las Vegas (CCSN)
May 19-20, 1994 Reno
June 23-24, 1994 Las Vegas
August 25-26, 1994 Reno
October 6-7, 1994 Elko (NNCC)
December 1-2, 1994 Las Vegas
Mr. Klaich moved approval of the Board of Regents' calendar
for 1994. Dr. Eardley seconded. Motion carried.
Regents Derby and Gallagher returned to the meeting.
21. Approved Amendment, Regents' Bylaws
Approved an amendment to the Regents' Bylaws, Article VI,
Section 3(g), as contained in Ref. H, filed with the perma-
nent minutes, which deals with the composition of the Status
of Women Committee. The first reading of the proposed
amendment was held at the August 27-28, 1992 meeting.
Mr. Klaich moved approval of the amendment to the Regents'
Bylaws regarding the composition of Status of Women Com-
mittee. Mrs. Gallagher seconded. Motion carried.
22. Information Only: Amendments, Regents' Bylaws
The number of members of the Board of Regents of the Uni-
versity and Community College System will increase in
January, 1993 from 9 members to 11 members of the Board.
As a result of this increase in numbers, various amendments
to the Board of Regents' Bylaws pertaining to the number of
members necessary to make up a quorum, take action, call
meetings or place matters on agendas will be necessary.
Chancellor Dawson requests approval of amendments to the
Regents' Bylaws, effective January 1, 1993, as contained
in Ref. I, filed in the Regents' Office. This will con-
stitute the first reading of the proposed amendments with
Board action to be taken at the November 19-20, 1992 meet-
ing.
Mrs. Berkley returned to the meeting.
23. Approved Tuition and Fees Policy, and Tuition and Fees
Increase for 1993-95
The following are the minutes from the Tuition and Fees
meeting held on September 17, 1992. The Board of Regents
met as a Committee of the Whole to review the policy on
tuition and fees for UCCSN.
(1) Approved Policy on Tuition and Fees - The Board, after
considering a recommendation from the Chancellor's
Committee, did not reach a conclusion during the
August 27-28, 1992 meeting and requested further re-
view of the issue.
Chancellor Dawson began the discussion by giving an
overview of the "Draft Policy, July 20, 1992". One
important statement within the policy reads, "If it
is determined that tuition and fees are to be in-
creased, the rate of increase will not exceed 1% more
than the WICHE average of the previous five years of
reported data". Mrs. Gallagher questioned whether
students and parents would be able to project costs
from such a statement, and Chancellor Dawson related
that projections would be included in biennial budget
requests.
Chancellor Dawson stated that at the August 27-28, 1992
Board of Regents' meeting, 5 concerns were brought for-
ward by the Board:
1) Board of Regents should control destiny on student
fees.
Proposed Solution: Board of Regents should adopt
a reasonable student fee policy.
Dr. Eardley stated that the Board of Regents do not
enjoy raising tuition and fees, but noted that if they
did not act, the Legislature or the Governor's Office
could do so which would cause the Board of Regents to
then lose control.
Vice Chancellor Sparks suggested that the State could
place the expected revenue from tuition and fee in-
creases in the budget request and reduce the State rev-
enues by that amount. This would cause the UCCSN budg-
et to be over-budgeted if the Board of Regents did not
increase the fees to produce the budgeted revenue. He
stated that the 1993-95 biennial budget request does
not include any tuition and fee increase, and if such
are adopted by the Board, the request will have to be
revised. The Governor could possibly submit the UCCSN
budget with increased fee recommendations to the Legis-
lature for approval. Vice Chancellor Sparks indicated
that the Legislature would most likely use that method
in calculating tuition and fees for UCCSN.
Vice Chancellor Sparks explained that after consider-
able discussion the Interim Finance Committee at its
meeting the previous day (September 16, 1992) did
approve the UCCSN student fee surcharges for FY 1993
as submitted. The Board had adopted those increases
as part of the response to meet the Governor's re-
quested budget cuts of $38 million to the legislative
appropriated UCCSN 1991-93 budget. One Senator from
Sparks and two Senators who are employed by UCCSN, were
extremely critical of the Board and the System.
When asked why the Legislators had responded in that
manner, Vice Chancellor Sparks stated he felt there
were a number of reasons, including this being an
election year. The Legislature adopted a budget that
was out of balance and the Regents had to cut $38
million from a budget the Legislature had approved.
He stated the Legislators criticized the Board for
the decisions made as a result of the cuts, and when
he tried to explain UCCSN fees in comparison to other
States, they were not willing to listen. Dr. Eardley
asked whether any of those Legislators criticizing
the System had voted for the 300% pension increase
for themselves; and also he questioned whether the
UCCSN employed Legislators were being paid by the
System and the Legislature both. Vice Chancellor
Sparks stated he did not know the answer to either
question, but stated that the UCCSN employees abstained
from the vote, which left only 4 Senators, 3 of whom
voted to accept the UCCSN request.
Dr. Derby stated that the Board of Regents should de-
cide on its own policies, and not rely on speculation
of what the State Budget Office may propose. UCCSN
needs a tuition and fee policy it can defend.
Chancellor Dawson continued with the 5 concerns:
2) Keep fee policy simple.
Proposed Solution: Do not require calculation of
previous 5 year averages.
3) Reduce/eliminate extraordinary impact of large fee
increases in WICHE states resulting from unavoid-
able circumstances in those states.
Proposed Solution: Use median instead of average
in calculation of tuition and fees.
4) Avoid drastic increases in student fees.
Proposed Solution: Limit to single digit the rate
of increase in resident fees. Non-resident fee
increases may be higher.
5) Need funding mechanism to enhance student financial
assistance.
Proposed Solution: Allocate 50% of proposed fee
increase dedicated to the State budget for student
financial assistance.
Chancellor Dawson indicated that the System is review-
ing its financial aid policies at the present time.
Considerable discussion was held on a draft policy
which originally has been recommended by the Chancel-
lor's Committee in August.
It was approved to adopt the draft policy, by insert-
ing the word "median" for "average"; deleting the last
sentence in paragraph two of item 2; adding two sen-
tences, "Any fee increase will be limited to nine (9)
percent." and "Non-resident tuition may exceed this
limit and will be determined by the Board.", and add-
ing the words, "an amount equal to" in the second
sentence of item 3 between "Fall 1993," and "50%".
The recommended policy now reads:
Assessment of Fees
1. The Board of Regents shall establish tuition rates
for students who are not residents of Nevada, and
registration and other fees to be assesed all stu-
dents. In establishing such rates and fees, the
Board recognizes that both the students of the
UCCSN institutions and the citizens of the State
of Nevada share in the benefits of higher educa-
tion, and therefore, both students and the State
should contribute appropriately to support high
quality instructional programs. Further, the Board
reaffirms its commitment to equal access to UCCSN
programs regardless of students' financial cir-
cumstances, and therefore shall establish tuition
rates and fees at such level to encourage partici-
pation in higher education.
2. On a biennial basis, in the Spring of every even
numbered year, the Chancellor will chair a System
Committee composed of elected student government
representatives, Campus Presidents, Regents, and
Chancellor's Office staff to gather and review
data and to make recommendations to the Chancellor
and the Board on an appropriate level of tuition
and fees. The recommendation of this Committee
will be presented to the Board of Regents for
their consideration and action.
In establishing such rates and fees for the
Universities and Community Colleges, the Board
will use the following information in its de-
liberations: 1) charges at peer institutions
as defined in the annual Western Interstate
Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) calcu-
lation of the median tuition and fees of member
states, 2) information pertaining to consumer
prices in the WICHE region, 3) the increase in
State funding over the biennium, 4) a needs
assessment of the UCCSN institutions, and 5)
other indices and information needed to determine
if tuition rates and fees are appropriate. Any
fee increase will be limited to nine (9) percent.
Non resident tuition may exceed this limit and
will be determined by the Board.
3. In order to improve the access of all students
and to encourage participation in higher educa-
tion, a portion of all fee increases will be
dedicated to student financial assistance. Be-
ginning Fall 1993, an amount equal to 50% of all
tuition and fees increases dedicated to the State
budget will be earmarked for student financial
assistance for improving access to higher educa-
tion. These funds will be budgeted in a new
budget function entitled "Improving Access to
Higher Education".
At its October 8-9, 1992 meeting, the Board will con-
sider a recommendation by the Chancellor for tuition
and fees for the biennium.
Mrs. Berkley stated she had received a call from Dr.
Hammargren who explained he would be in surgery and
could not attend this meeting, although his position
on the subject had not changed. Chairman Sparks
indicated a letter had been received during the
course of the meeting from Mr. Foley stating his view.
(2) New Business - Chairman Sparks stated Mr. Foley had
inquired about the outcome of the State Public Works
Board (SPWB) meeting held recently, in which they had
not followed the UCCSN priority listing. Vice Chan-
cellor Sparks stated that UCCSN had asked that the
amount for restoration of buildings be restored, but
the SPWB did not recommend that expenditure. The
UCCSN priority was for funding for the 5 projects
which had been funded previously for pre-design work:
1) CCSN - Phase V, Cheyenne Campus
2) CCSN - West Charleston Campus
3) TMCC - Phase VI
4) NNCC - A building in Winnemucca
5) UNR - Education building
The SWPB has recommended:
1) CCSN - Cheyenne Campus, reduced from $21
million to $14 million, with the same
square footage approved, but with no
furnishings, no equipment and no park-
ing.
2) CCSN - West Charleston Campus, ignored.
3) TMCC - Phase VI was reduced from $24 million
to $15.5 million, with the elimination
of the completion of the Ring Road and
the equipment.
4) NNCC - Winnemucca building $1.4 million.
President Crowley pointed out that the SPWB has earlier
contacted the Presidents to see if they wanted to re-
vise their projects, or to change the priorities, and
at a Presidents' Council meeting the Presidents had all
agreed not to recommend any change. The feeling had
been that priorities, as adopted by the Board should
stand, without modification. They had realized State
revenues were lacking, but felt priorities should be
maintained.
Mrs. Gallagher related that at one time the Legislature
had reduced a project, the Henderson Campus building
and were eliminating windows, etc. When the Board had
learned of that decision, they informed SPWB that UCCSN
would not accept a building under those circumstances.
The project was built as originally specified.
President Meacham expressed his deep concern for the
decision by SPWB.
Chairman Sparks indicted that a full discussion of the
matter would be held at a future meeting.
The following was action taken at the present meeting.
A. Approved the Handbook change, Title 4, Chapter 17,
Section 1, Assessment of Fees, as approved on Septem-
ber 17, 1992 by the Committee of the Whole reviewing
tuition and fee policies. A new policy was drafted
and is submitted as Ref. E, filed in the Regents'
Office.
Concern was raised that many students have objected to
the 50% allocation to student financial assistance
that is contained in the new policy.
ASCCSN President Angel Chipman addressed the Board and
commended the Regents in approving any fee increase to
be limited to 9%, which is 1% below the WICHE average.
She proposed to the Regents that they review a cost-
based funding model for tuition and fees and gave an
extensive analysis of the model.
Dr. Eardley stated that the Board has qualified finan-
cial advisors on the staff. However, Mrs. Berkley
stated that ever since she has been a member of the
Board she has had difficulty with the budget process.
She feels very strongly that the budget should not be
balanced on the students.
Chairman Sparks indicated that the students across the
country pay 25% of the share of eduction; however,
Nevada students pay 16%, which is very low. She re-
quested Vice Chancellor Sparks to compile a cost anal-
ysis of educating Nevada's students. She, too, does
not wish to put a hardship on the students, but they
should be paying their fair share for higher education.
Mr. Foley agreed with Mrs. Berkley, regarding the budget
process. He felt that Ms. Chipman's report indicates
that the Chancellor's staff is not doing its job in
proposing proper recommendations to the Board for its
consideration.
In response, Mr. Klaich stated that Mrs. Berkley has
every obligation as a Regent to develop alternatives
for the System, and does not take fault with Ms.
Chipman's report, but a system-wide committee was
established to review tuition and fees, and has worked
very hard to develop its' recommendations. The Board
of Regents acted as a Committee of the Whole and ac-
cepted the recommendations at its September 17 meeting.
He stated that he is offended that it has been suggest-
ed that Nevada should not compare itself to the other
states. UCCSN competes nationally and regionally and
should compare itself to other states. He felt very
strongly that the Board should not reject the proposed
policy.
Ms. Chipman quoted a statement made by Mr. Klaich at a
previous meeting which stated that he would not favor
raising student tuition and fees. Mr. Klaich clarified
that at the following meeting, at which Ms. Chipman was
not present, he changed his mind after listening to the
presentation, which is his prerogative.
Dr. Derby stated that the system-wide committee did work
diligently to develop its' recommendations and the pol-
icy does allow for flexibility, although she felt that
the policy needed a larger framework to establish fees.
Mrs. Karen Steinberg, Director of Institutional Re-
search, stated, in defense of the Chancellor's staff,
that the system-wide committee did work hard and uti-
lized a very comprehensive document to develop its rec-
ommendations. The Committee addressed various ways,
such as cost-bases analysis, WICHE data, etc. The pro-
posed policy is a compromise and was derived from a
list of 5 points which were used as guidelines. At
the September 17 meeting, Chancellor Dawson reviewed
these 5 points and recommended the lowest fee level.
The Committee of the Whole accepted the Chancellor's
recommendations.
Mrs. Gallagher stated that this has been a very enlight-
ening discussion; however, she did feel that the Chan-
cellor's staff performed accordingly and resented Mr.
Foley's comments that were directed at the staff.
Mrs. Gallagher moved approval of the Handbook change
regarding Assessment of Fees, as approved on September
17, 1992 by the Committee of the Whole reviewing tuition
and fee policies. Mr. Klaich seconded. Regents Foley,
Berkley and Hammargren opposed. Motion carried.
Chairman Sparks extended her appreciation to Ms. Chipman
for her efforts and indicated that her submitted report
will be taken under consideration as guidelines as the
Board reviews tuition and fees. In addition, Chairman
Sparks commended the system-wide committee for its hard
work in developing recommendations for Board considera-
tion.
B. Chancellor Dawson presented a recommendation on tuition
and fees, as contained in Ref. F, filed in the Regents'
Office.
Mr. Klaich stated that he disagreed with the proposed
Universities' undergraduate fee increase for FY 94-95.
He mentioned that the following pieces of information
are used in developing an appropriate tuition and fee
increase:
Consumer price and higher education price informa-
tion
Charges at peer institutions in the WICHE (Western
Interstate Commission for Higher Education)
region
Increases in State funding
A needs assessment of UCCSN institutions
Other indices and information
In light of using the above information to develop an
appropriate tuition and fee increase, Mr. Klaich still
could not justify a 9% increase in fees. However, he
did agree with the allocation of 50% of the increase
being earmarked for student financial assistance. Mr.
Klaich stated that the System is caught in a "circle"
-- a fee increase is justifiable, but should be kept
at a minimum. He felt that the 9% increase is nearing
the top of the median, but should be at the bottom of
the median.
UNR Vice President Ashok Dhingra stated that the Ad-
ministration does not wish to increase student fees,
but there are institutional needs that need to be
funded to provide quality education.
Mr. Foley questioned why the System was proposing to
assess a "tax" on UCCSN students because of the short-
cominings in the State's budget, and Chancellor Dawson
responded that higher education has always been a
"shared cost", and without a fee increase the System
would realize a $60 million shortfall.
Mrs. Berkley emphasized the need to work with the
Governor and Legislators to make sure there is ade-
quate funding.
President Crowley stated that UCCSN has fared well in
the past with the legislative sessions, in fact, during
1985 through 1991 UCCSN lead the nation in educational
funding. He reiterated that he does not wish to in-
crease tuition and fees, but it is a participatory
process and everyone should do their fair share. He
added that there is a definite need for a UCCSN policy
that would defend the tuition and fee increases.
ASUN President Samantha Hudson relayed student concerns
to the Board. She questioned the sincerity of "equal
access". Several students cannot afford full-time
education and become part-time students and then become
ineligible to receive financial aid benefits.
CSUN President Joel Kostman commended the Board for
accepting a tuition and fee policy. However, he indi-
cated that whenever there is a budget shortfall the
System "taxes" the students. He stated that UNLV
students were unhappy with the 50% allocation of all
tuition and fees increases being earmarked for student
financial assistance, because it will not reach all
students. He requested the Board to institute a policy
that would reach all students, and suggested that ex-
penditures be streamlined (i. e., car allowance, aes-
thetic improvements to Campus, professional salaries,
etc.). He encouraged the Board of Regents to think
about Nevada students and not what the rest of the
country is doing.
Dr. Derby stated that she supported the 50% allocation
of all tuition and fees increases being earmarked for
student financial assistance because the Board, as a
policy-making organization, needs to become more aware
of the effects on society. Nevada is very low in
awarding student financial assistance (ranked 47th).
She felt that by not providing assistance it would
discourage a number of people from achieving higher
education. She strongly supports the allocation.
Mrs. Berkley questioned whether there were other al-
ternatives to providing student financial assistance,
such as Regents' Special Projects funds. Dr. Derby
stated that she appreciated Mrs. Berkley's suggestion,
but Nevada should be able to provide quality education
to its citizens, and this policy guarantees an increase
in financial assistance in Nevada.
Mr. Foley disagreed and stated he had a problem with
the source coming from the students. He felt this
should be studied further.
Chancellor Dawson indicated that the budget request
has been submitted reflecting the $51 University under-
graduate fee and the surcharge eliminated for this bi-
ennium. These figures were used to develop the budget
for submission to the Governor on September 1, 1992.
Chancellor Dawson felt the 50% allocation was very
innovative in increasing student financial assistance
in Nevada.
President Maxson stated that the recent surcharge at
UNLV was allocated for the operation of the Campus
while eliminating 240 classes.
Mrs. Gallagher moved to accept the Chancellor's rec-
ommendation as amended. (Amendment: 1993-94 plus 5%
for 1994-95, instead of 9%, for all fees, except non-
resident tuition fees are to remain as recommended by
the Chancellor). Mrs. Whitney seconded. Upon roll
call, the motion carried.
Aye: Regents Derby, Gallagher, Hammargren, Whitley,
Sparks
Nay: Regents Berkley, Foley
Abstained: Regents Eardley, Klaich
The above motion results in the following tuitions and fees:
UCCSN FEES AND TUITION
94-94 94-95
Registration Fees
Universities Undergraduate $55.50/cr $58.00/cr
Universities Graduate $77.50/cr $81.00/cr
Community Colleges $29.40/cr $30.50/cr
Non-Resident Tuition
Universities $4300/yr $4750/yr
Community Colleges $3000/yr $3000/yr
In addition, beginning Fall 1993, 50% of all tuition and fee
increases dedicated to the State budget will be earmarked
for student financial assistance.
Drs. Derby and Hammargren left the meeting.
24. Approved Tuition Waivers for Native Americans
At the May 14-15, 1992 meeting, UNLV requested tuition
waivers for Navajo students living on the Navajo reserva-
tion who were recommended by the President of the Navajo
Nation and who otherwise met UNLV admission requirements.
General Counsel Klasic advised against such waiver on the
basis of the possibility of reverse discrimination, but
suggested there were other ways these students might be
accommodated.
In an opinion dated August 11, 1992, General Counsel Klasic
concludes, "...therefore, just as it would be permissible
to waive the out-of-state tuition of worthwhile and deserv-
ing students from states of the Union other than Nevada,
so it would be permissible, in my opinion, to waive out-of-
state tuition for worthwhile and deserving students from
the states or nations consisting of the Indian tribes.
Such waivers would not be made on the basis that the stu-
dents are Native Americans, but on the basis that they are
members of the Indian tribes or nations.
"At the Board's February 27-28, 1992 meeting, only the
University of Nevada, Las Vegas and the University of
Nevada, Reno applied to the Board of Regents for out-of-
state tuition waivers under the provisions of NRS 365.540.
These were broken down into categories. For example, UNLV
requested 191 waivers for athletes, 130 waivers for music
students and 197 allocated for 'other' students. Accord-
ingly, I would recommend that the institutions which wish
to request out-of-state waivers for worthwhile and deserv-
ing students be prepared to allocate a certain number of
such waivers for worthwhile and deserving students from
the Indian tribes or nations throughout the United States.
This cannot be limited to specific tribes, such as the
Navajos, as that clearly would be a violation of the Equal
Protection Clause of the United State Constititon. If an
increase in the number of out-of-state waivers from 3% of
the total matriculated enrollment of students for the past
preceding Fall semester is necessary to accommodate this
recommendation, then, in my opinion, the Board of Regents
could authorize such an increase under its powers of
constitutional autonomy.
"Finally, I would recommend that the institutions which
wish to implement these recommendations consult with their
Affirmative Action Officers in establishing the means and
methods of selecting the worthwhile and deserving students
from the Indian tribes or nations who would be eligible to
request waivers."
Additional information is contained in Ref. G, filed in
the Regents' Office.
Mrs. Whitley moved approval of the tuition waivers for
Native Americans. Mrs. Gallagher seconded.
President of the Navajo National Peterson Zah expressed his
appreciation for the opportunity to address the Board of
Regents.
Dr. Derby returned to the meeting.
President Zah stated that the Navajo Nation is beginning to
take education seriously and feels education may solve many
of the problems that the Navajo Nation is undergoing. He
informed the Board that he did not think there would be a
tremendous number of Navaho students coming to Nevada, ap-
proximately 7 to 10 students per year. He promised the
Board of Regents that they were pioneers in opening the
door to Navajo students, it is a matter of life for many
of the Navajo people. He thanked them for this opportunity
to achieve higher education for his people.
Mrs. Berkley thanked the Navajo Nation for giving the Board
an opportunity to serve them and thanked General Counsel
Klasic for his work on the policy. President Maxson thanked
President Zah for his patience.
Motion carried.
Mrs. Berkley left the meeting.
25. Reaffirmed Support for UCCSN Foundations
The Regents discussed their support of the UCCSN Founda-
tions.
Mrs. Gallagher commended the UCCSN Foundations' excellent
performance and reaffirmed the Board's unqualified support
of all the UCCSN Foundations. Dr. Derby seconded. Motion
carried.
Dr. Hammargren returned to the meeting; Dr. Derby left the meet-
ing.
26. Information Only: Update on UCCSN Capital Improvement
Request
Chancellor Dawson reported on the UCCSN Capital Improvement
Request. A meeting was held with the State Public Works
Board (SPWB) and UCCSN protested the SPWB recommendations.
The Governor has requested that the SPWB follow UCCSN's
priorities. State Budget Director Judy Matteucci submitted
a revised budget which indicated $29.5 million be allocated
to CCSN for both of their projects.
Mrs. Gallagher stated that the Capital Improvement Request
contains a proposed building in Winnemucca for NNCC. This
is the first time the Capital Improvement list was complete
and identified institutional need, which takes the Capital
Improvement list out of the political arena. She stated
that she was hopeful the Board of Regents would be committed
to supporting the UCCSN's priorities.
CCSN Vice President Herb Peebles stated that he appreciated
the revision of the Capital Improvement Request list by the
SPWB.
Mrs. Berkley and Dr. Derby returned to the meeting.
27. Approved Regents' Organizational Review
At the August 27-28, 1992 meeting, the Board approved the
following recommendations concerning organizational review:
A. That the Board Chairman, Vice Chairman, Regent Derby,
Director of Community College Affairs Burris, and
Vice Chancellor Richardson prepare a relatively brief
questionnaire for distribution to Regents, Presidents
and Board executive staff. The questionnaire will give
each respondent an opportunity to pinpoint his/her
specific areas of concern. Replies will be anonymous.
B. Mr. Burris and Dr. Richardson will use the questionnaire
replies as the basis for conducting focused interviews
with all individuals in the above groups. The inter-
views will seek to more clearly identify areas in which
respondents feel Board and staff performance might be
improved and how that might be accomplished. They will
then prepare a report summarizing their findings and
recommendations for review by Board members and the
Chancellor. It is felt that Mr. Burris and Dr. Richard-
son are particularly well-suited to conduct such an
analysis and to prepare recommendations for considera-
tion given and fresh perspective they bring to the
System coupled with their considerable experience work-
ing successfully with multi-Campus governing boards in
other states.
It is further requested that the Board contract with a
conflict resolution team to work with them.
C. The Board should proceed to plan a December Board work-
shop with a mentor from the Association of Governing
Boards on the general subject "Improving Board Effec-
tiveness". Part of the AGB process will involve com-
pletion of an AGB prepared Board self-study question-
naire.
An update report was presented for discussion. Regarding
recommendation A., Vice Chancellor Richardson indicated
that 50% of the questionnaires that were sent to Regents,
Presidents and Chancellor's staff have been returned (6
returns from 9 Regents; 4 returns from 7 Presidents; and
8 returns from 14 staff). Interviews will be completed
within the next few months; however, the results from the
questionnaires are the basis for the interviews, and Vice
Chancellor Richardson encouraged those persons to return
the questionnaires as soon as possible.
Regarding recommendation B., Chancellor Dawson stated that
he has contacted the Rutgers' Conflict Resolution Team, and
they will be in Reno on Wednesday, November 18, 1992 (day
prior to the regularly scheduled November Board of Regents'
meeting). Chancellor Dawson indicated that they charge
$1000 per day plus expenses per person and he estimated
that it would cost the System $6000 for this one-day meet-
ing. He cautioned the Board that this may turn out to be
more than a one-day session, although he has only committed
to one day at this time. Mrs. Gallagher stated that she
would have a problem with employing this team on an ongoing
basis.
Regarding recommendation C., Chancellor Dawson recommended
that a one-day Board orientation for new Regents be sched-
uled in December instead of contracting with the Associa-
tion of Governing Boards at this time. He suggested that
AGB be reconsidered after recommendations A. and B. have
been completed. It is Chancellor Dawson's hope that a one-
day orientation with the newly elected Regents be scheduled
to meet with the Chancellor's staff, and a half-day sched-
uled to meet with each of the institutions individually.
Mrs. Gallagher moved approval to withdraw recommendation
C. which calls for a workshop session with the Association
of Governing Boards, and allow the Chancellor to proceed
with orientation in December for new Board of Regent
members. Dr. Derby seconded. Motion carried.
Dr. Derby left the meeting.
28. Approvement Amendment to Lease, UNR
Approved an amendment to a UNR lease with KOLO (now KQLO)
Radio Station. The radio station was to erect two 282 foot
towers on 10 acres of property at the Main Station Lab.
The term of the lease was to begin as soon as KOLO (KQLO)
had their plans approved by the FCC. The FCC has just
given their approval to the project and KQLO is requesting
the lease be amended to erect only on 282 foot tower on 5
acres of property instead of 10 acres. The terms of the
lease would still be for a 10-year period, with an option
to renew for an additional 10 years.
General Counsel Klasic recommended approval subject to
review of the final documentation.
Mrs. Gallagher moved approval of the amendment to a UNR
lease with KOLO (now KQLO) Radio Station. Mrs. Berkley
seconded. Motion carried.
29. Approved Naming of Residence Hall, UNR
Approved the naming of the new residence hall "Canada Hall"
at UNR.
When the University's new residence hall project bids came
in substantially higher than the budget allowed, several
Canadian mining companies doing business with Nevada con-
tributed a sum of nearly $800,000. Without these gifts,
the University could not have proceeded with the project,
which is now underway.
In recognition of the generous assistance of these compa-
nies, President Crowley requested approval to name the new
residence hall "Canada Hall".
Mrs. Gallagher moved approval to name the new UNR residence
hall "Canada Hall". Mrs. Berkley seconded. Motion carried.
30. Approved Faculty and Staff Computer Loan Program, UNR
Approved an increase of funds for the faculty and staff
computer loan program at UNR. The current amount from the
Capital Improvement Fund is $100,000 and the request is to
increase the amount to $125,000.
The faculty and staff computer loan program has become very
popular and as a result, there is a waiting list of from 6
to 15 people at any one time. Many of those on the list
have to wait for longer than a month for the funds to be
replenished. The waiting list is no longer just in the
Fall or at Christmas time, but is now year-round. This
increase will fund an additional 12 plus loans at any time.
Mrs. Gallagher moved approval of the increase of Capital
Improvement Funds to $125,000 for the faculty and staff
computer loan program at UNR. Mrs. Whitley seconded.
Motion carried.
Dr. Derby returned to the meeting.
31. Information Only: Outstanding Faculty Recognition
At the request of the Board of Regents, each Faculty Senate
Chairman reported on the outstanding faculty achievements
for the institution, as contained in Ref. B, filed in the
Regents' Office.
University of Nevada, Reno
Philip L. Altick
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Lori L. Temple
Community College of Southern Nevada
Gary Elliott
Northern Nevada Community College
John Sword Hunter Smith
Truckee Meadows Community College
Robert I. Rose
32. Information Only: Outstanding Students Recognition
At the request of the Board of Regents, each Student
Government Officer reported on the outstanding student
achievements from the institution, as contained in Ref.
C, filed in the Regents' Office.
Truckee Meadows Community College
Charlene Covington
Caryl Mandolado
Western Nevada Community College
Mary Anne Levelle
The meeting adjourned at 3:30 P.M.
Mary Lou Moser
Secretary of the Board
10-08-1992